In textile processing, the key to breaking the surface tension of textiles to achieve efficient penetration lies in the rational application of wetting agents. Wetting agents change the interfacial properties between liquids and fibers through chemical and physical interactions, making them the core additives in the pre-treatment process. Wetting agents help aqueous solutions quickly penetrate fibers by reducing the surface tension of liquids.

Wetting agents are mostly surfactants (such as anionic sodium alkyl sulfates and nonionic polyethers), which disrupt the gas-liquid interfacial tension on the fiber surface by directing hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups in the molecule. The main characteristic of anionic type is its strong alkali resistance, which is suitable for desizing and boiling cotton fabrics. The main characteristic of non-ionic dyes is their resistance to hard water, making them suitable for high-speed jet dyeing of textiles. With the advancement of science and technology and the emergence of new composite technologies, the combination of organosilicon and fluorocarbon compounds has achieved ultra-low surface tension.   

Modern wetting agents have been able to achieve efficient penetration into textiles while also meeting environmental and efficiency requirements. Of course, in practical applications, it is necessary to accurately select the appropriate type and concentration of wetting agent based on fiber type, process conditions, and other factors. With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, future wetting agents will also develop towards greater efficiency and greenness.